Cocaine Base

F-2014-46

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In OCCA case No. F-2014-46, Bradley appealed his conviction for possession of a controlled dangerous substance (cocaine base) in the county jail. In an unpublished decision, the court decided to affirm the judgment of the district court but modified Bradley's sentence from thirty years to twenty years. One judge dissented. Bradley was found guilty by a jury in Garvin County. The jury decided his punishment would be thirty years in prison because he had previously committed felonies. The judge in his case sentenced him accordingly and this new sentence would be served at the same time as sentences from other cases he had. Bradley raised several issues in his appeal. First, he argued that the district court should have allowed him more time to prepare for his trial, but the court did not agree. They believed he did not meet the requirements needed for a continuance. Second, he wanted a new trial because of new evidence, but the court found that the evidence wouldn’t change the trial's outcome. He also claimed that his lawyer did not help him as much as they should have. However, the court found that he could not show how this lack of assistance changed the trial result. Additionally, he argued that the state did not share important information before the trial, but the court ruled that the information was not crucial. Bradley was concerned about comments made by the prosecutor regarding his right to remain silent. The court found no serious mistakes in this regard. Claims of prosecutorial misconduct were also rejected since the comments made were considered harmless in the context of the trial. One key issue was about Bradley's past felony convictions. The state had shown more convictions than were necessary, which the court admitted was a mistake. The court concluded that the jury might have been influenced by the extra information about Bradley's past and decided to lessen his sentence to twenty years, believing this was a fair correction. The judgment of the district court was affirmed, indicating they found no major errors in the trial process that would affect fairness, except for the over-exposure to extraneous felony convictions which led to a reduced sentence. The dissenting judge argued that the error did not greatly affect Bradley's rights and believed the original thirty-year sentence was appropriate.

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RE-2009-1019

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In OCCA case No. RE-2009-1019 and RE-2009-1020, the appellant appealed his conviction for the revocation of his suspended sentences. In an unpublished decision, the court decided to modify the full revocation of his seven-year suspended sentences to a three-year revocation with four years remaining suspended. One judge dissented. The case involved the appellant, who had previously pleaded guilty to multiple drug charges and received a suspended sentence. Later, the State accused him of violating his probation by committing new crimes. The judge found enough evidence to revoke his entire suspended sentence, which the appellant contested. The appellant argued that a small amount of marijuana found in a car he was driving was not enough to prove he controlled it because it was not his car. He also claimed that revoking his entire sentence was too harsh and should be changed. However, the court upheld the judge's finding that the appellant indeed had control over the marijuana since he was driving the car alone and had acknowledged ownership of the drug paraphernalia in the car. The court found merit in the appellant's argument about the harshness of the punishment because the reasons for revoking the full sentence were incorrect. The judge had based his decision on prior allegations that didn't hold up to factual scrutiny during the revocation hearing. The violations were also deemed minor and were not even prosecuted. In the end, the court decided to cut the original seven-year full revocation down to three years while keeping four years suspended, demonstrating that the punishment still reflected the violations but was fairer given the circumstances.

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C-2009-542

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In OCCA case No. C-2009-542, Gatewood appealed his conviction for Trafficking in Illegal Drugs and Using a Telephone to Cause the Commission of the Crime of Trafficking in Illegal Drugs. In an unpublished decision, the court decided to grant Gatewood's petition for writ of certiorari, allowing him to withdraw his pleas. One judge dissented. Roscoe Curtis Gatewood, Jr. was in trouble because he was accused of selling drugs and using a phone to help with that crime. He decided to plead guilty to these charges with the advice of his lawyer. The judge gave him a long sentence. Gatewood later wanted to change his plea because he felt his lawyer had a conflict of interest. The conflict happened because both Gatewood and his girlfriend, who was also accused, were represented by lawyers from the same law firm. Gatewood's girlfriend decided to testify against him in exchange for a lighter sentence. This meant Gatewood's lawyer could not defend him as well because he was also looking out for the girlfriend's best interests. The court agreed that this was a serious problem, which unfairly affected Gatewood's case. As a result, the court allowed Gatewood to take back his guilty pleas, meaning he could go to trial instead. The decision to reverse the previous ruling was made so Gatewood could have a fair chance to defend himself. In summary, the court found that Gatewood's rights were harmed because of his lawyer's conflicting duties, and they reversed his conviction so he could have another chance in court.

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F-2009-535

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In OCCA case No. F-2009-535, Joseph Lander Smith appealed his conviction for Distribution of a Controlled Dangerous Substance (cocaine base). In an unpublished decision, the court decided to modify Smith's sentence from twenty-five years to seventeen years imprisonment. One judge dissented. Joseph Lander Smith was found guilty by a jury for distributing a controlled substance after he had a previous felony conviction. The jury recommended that he be sentenced to twenty-five years in prison, which the judge agreed to, making it run consecutively with another sentence he was already serving. Smith raised several arguments in his appeal. He first claimed that he didn't get a fair trial because the prosecutor didn’t share important information that could have helped his case. The information was about a witness who helped the state. This witness had her own past troubles with the law but the jury was not told about them. Smith argued that this was wrong because it might have changed how the jury viewed that witness's testimony. Next, Smith said it wasn't right for the jury to know about his previous suspended sentence during the trial. He believed that mentioning this past sentence by the prosecutor made the jury biased against him and influenced the punishment they decided on. The jury even had questions about how his past might relate to their decision, which showed they were affected by this information. Smith also argued that his lawyer didn’t do a good job defending him by failing to investigate these issues properly. However, the court thought that the evidence against him was strong and that the errors made during the trial, while present, did not change his guilt. Still, the judge decided that the combination of these errors meant that Smith should not serve the full twenty-five years, so his sentence was reduced to seventeen years instead. Ultimately, the court affirmed Smith's conviction but changed his sentence to make it lighter, acknowledging the mistakes made during the trial without completely overturning the conviction.

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F-2006-1242

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In OCCA case No. F-2006-1242, Andruss Lee Flowers appealed his conviction for Trafficking in Illegal Drugs, Unlawful Possession of Marijuana with Intent to Distribute, Unlawful Possession of Paraphernalia, Obstructing an Officer, and Possession of a Firearm While in Commission of a Felony. In a published decision, the court decided to affirm his convictions for the latter four counts but modified his conviction for Trafficking in Illegal Drugs to the lesser offense of Possession with Intent to Distribute. One judge dissented regarding the modification of Count I.

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F-2007-58

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In OCCA case No. F-2007-58, Fredrick Demon Cleveland appealed his conviction for possession of controlled dangerous substances. In a published decision, the court decided to affirm the convictions for possession of cocaine and possession of drug proceeds but reversed the conviction for possession of marijuana with instructions to dismiss. One judge dissented from the decision regarding the marijuana conviction. Cleveland was found guilty of three charges: possessing cocaine with the intent to distribute, possessing drug proceeds, and possessing marijuana. The court sentenced him to various terms in prison, with some sentences running consecutively and others concurrently. Cleveland raised several points in his appeal. He argued that convicting him for both cocaine and marijuana possession violated his rights because the drugs were found together. The court found that although he possessed both drugs, it counted as a single act of possession under the law. Thus, they reversed the marijuana conviction. Regarding another point, Cleveland claimed that a witness gave inappropriate testimony that swayed the jury. The court acknowledged this concern but determined the error was not big enough to change the overall outcome of the case. They emphasized that other evidence supported the convictions for cocaine possession and drug proceeds. In summary, the court affirmed the convictions for cocaine and the related crimes but dismissed the marijuana charges, reflecting that the possession of different drugs at the same time can lead to different legal interpretations based on state law. One judge, however, believed that the marijuana conviction should have been upheld, arguing the legislature intended for both offenses to be prosecuted even when the drugs were found together.

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F-2004-1106

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In OCCA case No. F-04-1106, Armstrong appealed his conviction for unlawful trafficking in cocaine base, amongst other charges. In an unpublished decision, the court decided to affirm the convictions but modified the fine associated with one of the charges. One judge dissented. Armstrong was found guilty of a series of crimes, including trafficking drugs and resisting arrest. He argued that there were mistakes made during his trial, such as the jury being instructed on two counts of resisting arrest when he believed there should only be one. He also claimed that his attorney didn’t provide enough evidence to support his case effectively. He asked the court to reduce his sentences and fine. After reviewing everything about the case, the court felt that there was no need to overturn the convictions. However, they agreed to reduce the fine related to his drug trafficking charge from $25,000 to $10,000. The court found that the evidence and decisions made during the trial were legally sound. In summary, while Armstrong’s appeal raised several issues, the court mostly found in favor of the original trial's outcome, except for the adjustment of the fine.

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F 2003-1084

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In OCCA case No. F 2003-1084, #1 appealed his conviction for #2. In an unpublished decision, the court decided #3. #4 dissented. In this case, Darrell Robert Johnson was found guilty of trafficking illegal drugs and unlawful possession of drug paraphernalia. The jury gave him a life sentence without the chance for parole for the first charge, and a fine for the second charge. He was unhappy with the way the trial went and believed mistakes were made that affected the outcome. One of the key mistakes he pointed out was that the jury had trouble reaching a unanimous decision. During their discussions, it became clear that one juror was not convinced of Johnson's guilt. The juror felt pressured by the others to change his mind, which made the situation problematic and unfair. This juror expressed confusion about the deliberation process in notes to the judge, which should have led to clearer instructions being given. The judge talked to the jurors about what deliberation meant but did not provide the specific charge that addresses situations where juries are stuck. This is typically done to ensure jurors understand they shouldn't feel forced to give in just to agree and go home. After discussing their options, the jury still couldn't agree, and the judge sent them back to deliberate further without giving a proper instruction. Eventually, the jury reached a verdict, but one juror said it wasn’t his honest opinion that the defendant was guilty. The judge had to decide if they could accept that verdict or if they needed to keep discussing. The court found that sending the jury back without the proper instruction was a mistake that affected Johnson's right to a fair trial. It was determined that the pressure on the juror likely influenced his decision to agree with the group. In the end, the court decided that because the jury had not been properly instructed, Darrell's convictions should be reversed. The case was sent back for a new trial. This means that the mistakes made during the trial could not be allowed to stand, and Darrell Johnson deserved another chance to prove his side in court. The judges had differing opinions on this decision, with some agreeing and some disagreeing on whether the trial was managed correctly. One judge believed that the trial judge handled the situation well and didn’t see a reason to reverse the ruling. However, the majority of the court found the errors significant enough to require a new trial.

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F 2002-1009

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In OCCA case No. F 2002-1009, Rodney Jerome Burton appealed his conviction for trafficking in illegal drugs (cocaine base) and possession of a controlled dangerous substance within 1000 feet of a public park. In an unpublished decision, the court decided to affirm the conviction for trafficking in illegal drugs, but it dismissed the conviction for possession of a controlled dangerous substance within 1000 feet of a public park. One judge dissented. Burton was found guilty of trafficking in cocaine and possession of drugs near a public park. The jury recommended sentences of twenty years for trafficking and ten years for possession, which were to be served at the same time. Burton raised several reasons for his appeal, claiming that the evidence was not strong enough to support the verdicts, and that there were other problems in the trial. The court examined each of his claims, finding that there was enough evidence to support the trafficking conviction. They also decided that the jury was not pushed to come to a verdict and that the trial court followed the rules correctly regarding other pieces of evidence. It was determined that the remarks and actions of the prosecutor did not unfairly affect Burton's trial. The court concluded that there was no error regarding the prior photograph and that Burton's trial lawyer did a good job. Even though Burton wanted to benefit from a change in the law that might have helped him, the court said he was not entitled to that benefit because it didn’t apply to his case. Overall, the court upheld the sentence for trafficking but overturned the possession sentence, telling lower courts to dismiss that charge.

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F-2002-1509

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In OCCA case No. F-2002-1509, Dontrell Maurice Baird appealed his conviction for trafficking in illegal drugs, possession of controlled dangerous substances, and possession of CDS without a tax stamp, as well as unlawful possession of drug paraphernalia. In an unpublished decision, the court decided to affirm the convictions but required resentencing on the trafficking and possession charges, while upholding the sentence for the possession of drug paraphernalia. One judge dissented. Baird was convicted in the District Court of Payne County on multiple drug-related charges. The jury sentenced him to a total of 82 years in prison across four counts, with some sentences running concurrently and others consecutively. However, Baird appealed on several grounds, claiming that his right to due process was violated due to incorrect jury instructions on punishment, that evidence for some charges wasn't sufficient, and that his sentences were excessive. The court found that errors in the jury instructions affected the punishment range for three of the counts. Both Baird and the State agreed that the jury was not properly informed about the range of penalties for trafficking in cocaine base, possession of marijuana, and possession of CDS without a tax stamp. Baird's prior convictions complicated the appropriate classification of his current offenses, leading to confusion that the jury was not guided through properly. The court established that it would have been correct for the jury to be told about the proper punishment ranges, based on Baird's prior crimes. Given these mistakes in the instructions, the court decided to send the case back for resentencing on those counts without requiring a new trial. Despite Baird's claims that he was deprived of effective legal counsel, the court ruled that the issues raised concerning the jury instructions were enough to grant leniency in this case. The other claims, focusing on the sufficiency of evidence and whether the cumulative errors affected the trial's fairness, were found not to necessitate any further relief. Thus, the court upheld Baird's convictions but needed to correct the sentencing errors related to trafficking and possession charges, while confirming the sentence for unlawful possession of drug paraphernalia as appropriate.

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F 2001-873

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In OCCA case No. F 2001-873, Jerome Wade Hennesy appealed his conviction for Trafficking in a Controlled Dangerous Substance (Cocaine Base). In an unpublished decision, the court decided to reverse his conviction and remand the case for a new trial. One judge dissented. In this case, Jerome Wade Hennesy was found guilty of trafficking cocaine by a jury. The jury decided he should serve ten years in prison and pay a fine of $25,000. Hennesy appealed, arguing that the evidence used against him was not strong enough to prove his guilt and that there was unfair evidence related to other crimes. The court agreed with Hennesy on the second point about the unfair evidence, saying it was a serious mistake that affected the trial. The judges mentioned that since the evidence against him was mostly based on circumstances and not very strong, the mistake couldn't be ignored. They decided that Hennesy needed a new trial, so he could have a fair chance to defend himself. The judges noted that the first point about whether the evidence was sufficient to prove his guilt was no longer important because they were giving him a new trial based on the unfair evidence. They expected the state to have stronger evidence if Hennesy was tried again. So, they made the decision to reverse the previous judgment and order a new trial.

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F-2000-1163

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In OCCA case No. F-2000-1163, Byrin Carr appealed his conviction for unlawful delivery of a controlled dangerous substance (cocaine base). In an unpublished decision, the court decided to modify Carr's convictions. One judge dissented. Byrin Carr was found guilty by a jury of two counts related to selling cocaine near a school and public housing. The judge sentenced him to ten years in prison for each count, plus fines. However, Carr argued that the court made mistakes during his trial. One of the key points was that Carr wanted the jury to hear about entrapment. This means he believed he was tricked into committing the crime by police. The court agreed that this important point should have been shared with the jury. Because of this mistake, the court changed Carr's convictions. Now, instead of being convicted of delivery, Carr was found guilty of possessing cocaine near a school and just possession of cocaine in general. His new sentence was reduced to five years for each conviction, to be served one after the other. While most of the judges agreed with this decision, one judge dissented. This dissenting judge believed that instead of changing the convictions, the case should be sent back for a new trial to address the mistakes made. Overall, the case highlighted the importance of fair instructions to the jury and how mistakes in court can lead to changes in sentences or corrections in charges.

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F 2000-341

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In OCCA case No. F 2000-341, Cortez Lamont Franklin appealed his conviction for Possession of a Controlled Dangerous Substance (Cocaine Base). In an unpublished decision, the court decided to reverse the conviction. One judge dissented. Cortez Franklin was found guilty after a trial in Oklahoma County. The jury sentenced him to twenty years in prison. He appealed, arguing that the trial court should have excluded evidence found during his arrest, claiming it violated his rights under the Fourth Amendment. He also said the evidence was not enough to prove he had the drugs. The appellate court looked at the reasons for stopping Franklin. The judges found that the police did not have reasonable suspicion when they detained him. Because Franklin's detention was considered unreasonable, they stated that the drugs found during this unlawful detention could not be used as evidence. Since there was no valid evidence left to support his conviction, the court reversed the trial court's decision, meaning Franklin's case was sent back with instructions to dismiss the charges against him. They did not need to discuss Franklin's second point about the sufficiency of the evidence.

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